Aer meaning medical plus#
T2DM was defined according to the criteria of the World Health Organization as positive finding from any 2 of the following tests on different days: symptoms of DM plus casual plasma glucose concentration 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or fasting plasma glucose concentration 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or a 2-hour posttest plasma glucose concentration of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) after a 75 g oral glucose load. We aimed to assess the predictive values of the AER and eGFR for cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes, using the data from a large-scale prospective cohort study – the Beijing Communities Diabetes Study (BCDS). In this study, the effects of AER and eGFR on outcomes of CVD were analyzed in a population of T2DM patients after multifactorial intervention. 5 As the abovementioned studies are cross-sectional in nature, prospective studies are needed to investigate the long-term prognosis of diabetic patients’ renal function and cardiovascular outcomes. 4 On the contrary, another study showed that the outcomes of CVD were not significantly different between diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria and normoalbuminuria. In a cross-sectional study, 20% patients with advanced renal insufficiency had normoalbuminuria, and these patients also had a higher risk of CVD. 2Ī new classification for chronic kidney disease (CKD) categorized by the stages of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin excretion rate (AER) was proposed by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes, 3 which recommends all patients with diabetes should be screened using eGFR and AER. Microalbuminuria is not only one of the first clinical signs of DKD, but also a marker of renal progression and a risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Microalbuminuria is defined as urine albumin between 30 and 300 mg/d. Elevated albuminuria is typically the first sign of DKD. In normal healthy kidney, only a tiny amount of albumin is leaked into the urine, usually <30 mg/d. 1ĭKD is characterized by albuminuria and reduced renal function. It was estimated that 20%–40% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) will develop a moderate or severe impairment of renal function.
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes which results in end-stage renal disease, as reported by 2015 USRDS Annual Data.
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